The Universe is made of everything. Not just matter and energy, but dark matter, dark energy, neutrinos, photons, and the whole shebang. But what is this everything made of? What are the building blocks of the Universe?
Dark Matter
Dark matter is a type of invisible matter that we can't see or touch, but it makes up about 27% of the universe. It's called "dark" because it doesn't give off any light, which means you can't see it. We know dark matter is there because we can see how it affects the way galaxies move. For example, some galaxies have a lot more dark matter than others, and so they move faster.
Dark Energy
The universe is made up of things like dark matter, dark energy, and atoms. Dark energy is a type of energy that makes up about 70% of the universe. It's a type of force that pushes galaxies away from each other and makes the universe expand. It's a type of pressure that's not easily seen or felt, but it's there.
The Big Bang
The Big Bang Theory states that the universe was created from a single point in space. This point began to expand and scatter gas, dust, and other materials. As it expanded, it cooled and eventually formed galaxies, stars, planets, and other objects. The Big Bang Theory is the most widely accepted theory of how the universe was created.
Quarks and Leptons
The Standard Model of particle physics is a theory that describes the known elementary particles and their interactions. It is a quantum field theory of electromagnetism and strong, weak, and electromagnetic interactions. It contains 18 quarks and leptons in 3 generations, 6 quarks for each generation. The six quarks are the up quark, down quark, charm quark, strange quark, top quark, and bottom quark. The six leptons are the electron, electron neutrino, muon neutrino, muon, tau neutrino, and tau.
Antimatter
The most common antimatter particle is the positron, which has the same mass as an electron but has a positive charge. The positron has the same properties as an electron but with the opposite charge. The positron is what you get when you turn an electron into its antimatter counterpart.
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